There is a very good reason that an extra wire all the way back to the positive terminal of the battery should be installed, and this make sense as Toyota were unlikely to add an extra wire (and hence extra) cost unless it was needed! To understand why the 'S' pin is important and why the alternator regulator doesn't simply just measure the voltage that the output terminal of the alternator it is worthwhile to spend some time to think of the current flow and voltages in the charging system when it is under load. It is this voltage that is measured by the 'S' input of the alternator. In normal operation the alternator regulator will try and keep the positive terminal of the battery at ~14.5V.
The 'S' input is a very important input to the regulator as it serves as the basis for the control of the alternator output. This pin is connected to the positive terminal of the battery at all times, in most wiring arrangements via a 7.5A fuse marked ALT-S (Alternator Sense). The voltage at the battery is the main parameter that the regulator uses to control / regulate the alternator output. This pin is used to sense the voltage at the battery The alternator regulator 'S' terminal is used to 'Sense' the battery voltage at the battery, hence the abbreviation 'S'. The following pinouts are viewed looking at the open end of the female pins, or another way to look at is is that the wires connected to the female plugs pictured would exit the rear of your computer screen. There are a number of different pinouts for Toyota alternators with inbuilt regulators. As mentioned previously this page will focus on the alternator with inbuilt regulator.Īlternator with Inbuilt Regulator Pinouts Since the early 1980's (~1983) Toyota have used an alternator with an inbuilt regulator, prior to this the regulator was a module that was mounted external to the alternator. This section will discuss the Toyota alternator with inbuilt regulator and the wiring associated with the alternator and regulator. The alternator 'regulator' is the component that is responsible for controlling the alternator to achieve the desired operation. I won't explore the details in regards to how the alternator generates electrical energy from mechanical energy in this article, however I will briefly explore how and why the output of the alternator is regulated.Īs the alternator is required to (ideally) output a fixed voltage regardless of the electrical load (current) of the vehicle system and the engine RPM it makes sense that there needs to be a system that controls the alternator to ensure that the alternator voltage output remains stable and consistent across the wide range of operating conditions that are likely to be experienced. In general terms the alternator is driven by the engine to turn mechanical energy into electrical energy. Of course the alternator is also responsible for charging the battery after the engine has been started, to replace the electrical energy that is used to start the engine. It is worth noting that under normal operating conditions the alternator is responsible for supplying all of the electrical energy required for the vehicle systems, the battery is only used to help in filtering out voltage spikes and supplying small amounts of extra current during short duration events such as when heavy electrical loads are turned on (e.g electric engine cooling fans turning on). fuel injection system) it is important that the system functions well. As a number of these loads are critical (i.e. These loads include the electronic fuel injection system, radio, lights, defogger and more. The function of the alternator is to supply electrical energy to support the electrical loads in the vehicle's electrical system. If you've found my work helpful and would like to donate a beer! PayPal.Me/wilbo666wiring Alternator Function This page will focus on the Toyota alternator with inbuilt regulator, however some information maybe valid for generic alternators. This page provides information in regards to Toyota alternators basic operation and wiring. Alternator with Inbuilt Regulator General Wiring.Alternator with Inbuilt Regulator Pinouts.
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